Bhutan
Capital: ThimphuRegion: South AsiaIncome: Lower middle income
GDP
$3.77B
2026
Population
791,524
2024
GDP per Capita
$5K
2026
Life Expectancy
73.0 years
2023
Economy
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| GDP (Current USD, Billions) | $3.77B | 2026 |
| Real GDP Growth (%) | 7.4% | 2026 |
| GDP per Capita (USD) | $5K | 2026 |
| GDP, PPP (Billions Intl $) | $15.41B | 2026 |
| GDP per Capita, PPP (Intl $) | $19K | 2026 |
| Share of World GDP, PPP (%) | 0.01% | 2026 |
| GNI (Current USD) | $2.85B | 2023 |
| GNI per Capita (USD) | $4K | 2023 |
| GNI per Capita, PPP (USD) | $15K | 2023 |
| Industry Value Added (% of GDP) | 29.4% | 2023 |
| Services Value Added (% of GDP) | 52.8% | 2023 |
| Agriculture Value Added (% of GDP) | 15.0% | 2023 |
| Government Consumption (% of GDP) | 20.3% | 2023 |
| Household Consumption (% of GDP) | 59.4% | 2023 |
| Gross Capital Formation (% of GDP) | 45.3% | 2023 |
| Gross Savings (% of GNI) | 17.6% | 2023 |
| GDP Deflator (%) | 4.4% | 2023 |
| GDP per Person Employed (USD) | $30K | 2023 |
| Manufacturing Value Added (% of GDP) | 7.9% | 2023 |
| Adjusted Net National Income per Capita (USD) | $3K | 2021 |
| Adjusted Net Savings (% of GNI) | 13.4% | 2021 |
| External Balance on Goods & Services (% of GDP) | -25.0% | 2023 |
| Coal Rents (% of GDP) | 0.00% | 2021 |
| Mineral Rents (% of GDP) | 0.08% | 2021 |
| Oil Rents (% of GDP) | 0.00% | 2021 |
| Natural Gas Rents (% of GDP) | 0.00% | 2021 |
| Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP) | 2.7% | 2021 |
| Forest Rents (% of GDP) | 2.66% | 2021 |
| Industry Value Added (Current USD) | $885.9M | 2023 |
Fiscal & Monetary
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Inflation, Consumer Prices (%) | 3.4% | 2026 |
| Govt Gross Debt (% of GDP) | 121.1% | 2026 |
| Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) | -4.4% | 2026 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -18.0% | 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (%, World Bank) | 2.8% | 2024 |
| Lending Interest Rate (%) | 10.5% | 2024 |
| Deposit Interest Rate (%) | 4.5% | 2024 |
| Government Debt (% of GDP) | 111.0% | 2020 |
| Government Revenue (% of GDP) | 20.0% | 2020 |
| Tax Revenue (% of GDP) | 12.3% | 2020 |
| Taxes on Goods & Services (% of revenue) | 17.9% | 2020 |
| Taxes on Income, Profits & Capital Gains (% of rev) | 19.9% | 2020 |
| Net Investment in Nonfinancial Assets (% of GDP) | 8.6% | 2020 |
| Total Reserves incl. Gold (USD) | $941.0M | 2024 |
| Total Reserves (months of imports) | 6.6 | 2024 |
| Official Exchange Rate (per USD) | 83.67 | 2024 |
| Broad Money (% of GDP) | 84.1% | 2023 |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Trade (% of GDP) | 81.7% | 2023 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (% of GDP) | 53.3% | 2023 |
| Exports of Goods & Services (USD) | $855.3M | 2023 |
| Imports of Goods & Services (USD) | $1.61B | 2023 |
| Merchandise Exports (USD) | $747.0M | 2024 |
| Merchandise Imports (USD) | $1.45B | 2024 |
| FDI Inflows (% of GDP) | 0.3% | 2023 |
| FDI Net Inflows (USD) | $2.8M | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (USD) | $109.6M | 2024 |
| Personal Remittances Received (% of GDP) | 3.6% | 2023 |
| High-Tech Exports (% of manufactured) | 0.0% | 2023 |
| Current Account Balance (% of GDP) | -20.0% | 2024 |
| Current Account Balance (USD) | $-669.8M | 2024 |
External Debt
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| External Debt (% of GNI) | 114.5% | 2023 |
| External Debt Stocks (USD) | $3.40B | 2024 |
| Total Debt Service (% of GNI) | 5.0% | 2023 |
| Present Value of External Debt (USD) | $2.88B | 2024 |
| Use of IMF Credit (USD) | $33.3M | 2024 |
| Net ODA Received (% of GNI) | 5.5% | 2023 |
Finance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic Credit by Financial Sector (% of GDP) | 76.6% | 2024 |
| Domestic Credit to Private Sector (% of GDP) | 51.9% | 2024 |
| Bank Capital to Assets Ratio (%) | 7.8% | 2022 |
| Bank Nonperforming Loans (%) | 3.0% | 2022 |
| Account Ownership at Financial Institution (%) | 33.7% | 2014 |
| Account Ownership, Female (%) | 27.7% | 2014 |
| Account Ownership, Male (%) | 39.0% | 2014 |
| Firms Using Banks to Finance Investment (%) | 26.9% | 2024 |
Business Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Get Electricity (days) | 10 | 2024 |
Private Sector
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Firms Expected to Pay Bribes (%) | 1.8% | 2024 |
| Firms with Female Top Manager (%) | 31.3% | 2024 |
| Firms with Female Participation in Ownership (%) | 21.4% | 2024 |
| Average Firm Age (years) | 5 years | 2024 |
| Firms Using Computers (%) | 13.8% | 2024 |
People
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 791,524 | 2024 |
| Population Growth (%) | 0.7% | 2024 |
| Population Density (per km²) | 21 | 2023 |
| Surface Area (sq km) | 38,390 | 2023 |
| Land Area (sq km) | 38,140 | 2023 |
| Urban Population (%) | 42.6% | 2024 |
| Urban Population (total) | 336,908 | 2024 |
| Rural Population (%) | 57.4% | 2024 |
| Life Expectancy at Birth | 73.0 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Male | 71.3 years | 2023 |
| Life Expectancy, Female | 75.0 years | 2023 |
| Fertility Rate (births per woman) | 1.5 | 2023 |
| Birth Rate (per 1,000) | 12.7 | 2023 |
| Death Rate (per 1,000) | 6.1 | 2023 |
| Net Migration | 455 | 2025 |
| Population Ages 0–14 (%) | 20.9% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 15–64 (%) | 72.6% | 2024 |
| Population Ages 65+ (%) | 6.5% | 2024 |
| Age Dependency Ratio (%) | 37.7% | 2024 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Male (per 1,000) | 139.4 | 2023 |
| Mortality Rate, Adult Female (per 1,000) | 98.9 | 2023 |
Labor
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Total Labor Force | 411,263 | 2025 |
| Labor Force Participation (%) | 64.8% | 2025 |
| Female Labor Force Participation (%) | 56.7% | 2025 |
| Male Labor Force Participation (%) | 71.8% | 2025 |
| Unemployment (%) | 3.2% | 2025 |
| Female Unemployment (%) | 4.1% | 2025 |
| Male Unemployment (%) | 2.6% | 2025 |
| Youth Unemployment (%) | 17.1% | 2025 |
| Employment in Agriculture (%) | 42.4% | 2025 |
| Employment in Industry (%) | 15.9% | 2025 |
| Employment in Services (%) | 41.8% | 2025 |
| Vulnerable Employment (%) | 69.0% | 2025 |
| Wage & Salaried Workers (% of total) | 30.5% | 2025 |
| Part-Time Employment (%) | 5.7% | 2022 |
| Employers (% of total employment) | 0.5% | 2025 |
| Labor Force, Female (% of total) | 40.4% | 2025 |
Education
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Education Spending (% of GDP) | 5.8% | 2023 |
| Education Spending (% of govt expenditure) | 22.2% | 2025 |
| Adult Literacy Rate (%) | 64.9% | 2022 |
| Male Literacy Rate (%) | 73.4% | 2022 |
| Youth Literacy Rate (%) | 97.7% | 2022 |
| Primary School Enrollment (%) | 114.9% | 2024 |
| Secondary School Enrollment (%) | 86.2% | 2024 |
| Tertiary School Enrollment (%) | 13.0% | 2024 |
| Primary Completion Rate (%) | 86.5% | 2024 |
| Lower Secondary Completion Rate (%) | 56.6% | 2024 |
| Out-of-School Children, Primary | 8,385 | 2024 |
| Out-of-School Girls, Primary | 2,533 | 2024 |
| Primary School Teachers | 3,372 | 2024 |
| Secondary School Teachers | 6,995 | 2023 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Primary | 35 | 2018 |
| Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Secondary | 11 | 2018 |
Health
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Health Spending (% of GDP) | 4.4% | 2023 |
| Health Spending per Capita (USD) | $162 | 2023 |
| Government Health Spending (% of GDP) | 2.9% | 2023 |
| Out-of-Pocket Health Spending (% of total) | 25.5% | 2023 |
| Physicians (per 1,000 people) | 0.6 | 2022 |
| Nurses & Midwives (per 1,000) | 2.1 | 2022 |
| Hospital Beds (per 1,000) | 2.2 | 2023 |
| Infant Mortality (per 1,000 live births) | 23.1 | 2023 |
| Under-5 Mortality, Female (per 1,000) | 20.9 | 2023 |
| Under-5 Mortality, Male (per 1,000) | 25.1 | 2023 |
| Cause of Death, Communicable (%) | 18.2% | 2019 |
| Cause of Death, Non-Communicable (%) | 72.7% | 2019 |
| Cause of Death, Injury (%) | 9.0% | 2019 |
| Measles Immunization (% of children) | 97.0% | 2024 |
| DPT Immunization (% of children) | 98.0% | 2024 |
| HIV Incidence (per 1,000) | 0.11 | 2024 |
| Tuberculosis Incidence (per 100,000) | 191 | 2024 |
| Stunting, Children Under 5 (%) | 17.9% | 2023 |
| Smoking Prevalence, Males (%) | 26.2% | 2022 |
| Smoking Prevalence, Females (%) | 11.1% | 2022 |
| Suicide Mortality Rate (per 100,000) | 4.9 | 2021 |
| Alcohol Consumption (liters per capita) | 0.2 | 2020 |
Energy & Environment
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Renewable Electricity Output (%) | 100.0% | 2021 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption (%) | 82.5% | 2022 |
| Access to Clean Fuels for Cooking (%) | 91.6% | 2023 |
| PM2.5 Air Pollution (µg/m³) | 23.9 | 2020 |
| Forest Area (%) | 71.6% | 2023 |
| Forest Area (sq km) | 27,310 | 2023 |
| Terrestrial Protected Areas (%) | 51.6% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Drinking Water (%) | 99.5% | 2024 |
| Access to Basic Sanitation (%) | 86.8% | 2024 |
Agriculture
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land (%) | 13.8% | 2023 |
| Cereal Yield (kg per hectare) | 3,464 | 2023 |
| Food Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 77.8 | 2022 |
| Crop Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 68.1 | 2022 |
| Livestock Production Index (2014–2016=100) | 132.3 | 2022 |
| Land Under Cereal Production (hectares) | 20,211 | 2023 |
| Fertilizer Consumption (kg per hectare) | 9.8 | 2023 |
| Annual Freshwater Withdrawals (% of internal) | 0.4% | 2022 |
Technology
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Users (%) | 88.4% | 2023 |
| Fixed Broadband Subscriptions (per 100) | 1.3 | 2023 |
| Secure Internet Servers (per million) | 1,339.2 | 2024 |
| Patent Applications, Residents | 1 | 2019 |
| Patent Applications, Non-Residents | 7 | 2021 |
| Scientific Journal Articles | 115 | 2022 |
| High-Technology Exports (USD) | $28K | 2023 |
| ICT Service Exports (% of service exports) | 0.4% | 2024 |
| Industrial Design Applications, Resident | 3 | 2021 |
Infrastructure
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Air Transport, Passengers Carried | 189,878 | 2023 |
| Air Transport, Freight (million ton-km) | 0.5 | 2023 |
| Logistics Performance Index (1–5) | 2.50 | 2022 |
| Electricity from Oil (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
| Electricity from Nuclear (%) | 0.0% | 2021 |
Gender
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Women in Parliament (%) | 4.3% | 2024 |
| Female Labor Force Participation, 15+ (%) | 53.2% | 2024 |
| Female Wage & Salaried Workers (%) | 17.7% | 2025 |
| Girls Out-of-School Rate (%) | 104.6% | 2018 |
| Adolescent Fertility Rate (per 1,000) | 9.4 | 2023 |
| Gender Parity Index, Secondary | 1.13 | 2018 |
Governance
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Control of Corruption | 1.53 | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness | 0.57 | 2023 |
| Regulatory Quality | -0.40 | 2023 |
| Voice & Accountability | 0.20 | 2023 |
| Control of Corruption (percentile rank) | 91.0% | 2023 |
| Government Effectiveness (percentile rank) | 69.3% | 2023 |
| Rule of Law (percentile rank) | 72.6% | 2023 |
| Political Stability (percentile rank) | 83.4% | 2023 |
Military
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Intentional Homicides (per 100,000) | 2.5 | 2020 |
Poverty & Inequality
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty at $2.15/day (%) | 0.0% | 2022 |
| Poverty at $3.65/day (%) | 0.5% | 2022 |
| Poverty at $6.85/day (%) | 10.1% | 2022 |
| Gini Index | 28.5 | 2022 |
| Income Share, Top 10% | 22.7% | 2022 |
| Income Share, Bottom 10% | 3.6% | 2022 |
| Income Share, Top 20% | 37.3% | 2022 |
| Income Share, Bottom 20% | 8.8% | 2022 |
Social Protection
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Social Assistance Coverage (%) | 7.2% | 2022 |
| Human Capital Index (0–1) | 0.48 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Female | 0.47 | 2020 |
| Human Capital Index, Male | 0.47 | 2020 |
| Learning-Adjusted Years of School | 6.3 years | 2020 |
Tourism
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| International Tourism, Arrivals | 29,800 | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Departures | 72,000 | 2019 |
| Tourism Receipts (USD) | $84.0M | 2020 |
| Tourism Expenditures (USD) | $50.0M | 2020 |
| Tourism Receipts (% of total exports) | 10.7% | 2020 |
| International Tourism, Transport Services (USD) | $18.0M | 2018 |
Urban Development
| Indicator | Value | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population in Slums (% of urban) | 44.7% | 2022 |
| Rural Population Growth (%) | -0.8% | 2024 |
| Access to Safely Managed Sanitation (%) | 49.5% | 2024 |